Source code for ray.tune.search.ax.ax_search

import copy
import numpy as np
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union

from ray import cloudpickle
from ray.tune.result import DEFAULT_METRIC
from ray.tune.search.sample import (
    Categorical,
    Float,
    Integer,
    LogUniform,
    Quantized,
    Uniform,
)
from ray.tune.search import (
    UNRESOLVED_SEARCH_SPACE,
    UNDEFINED_METRIC_MODE,
    UNDEFINED_SEARCH_SPACE,
    Searcher,
)
from ray.tune.search.variant_generator import parse_spec_vars
from ray.tune.utils.util import flatten_dict, unflatten_list_dict

try:
    import ax
    from ax.service.ax_client import AxClient
except ImportError:
    ax = AxClient = None

# This exception only exists in newer Ax releases for python 3.7
try:
    from ax.exceptions.core import DataRequiredError
    from ax.exceptions.generation_strategy import MaxParallelismReachedException
except ImportError:
    MaxParallelismReachedException = DataRequiredError = Exception

import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


[docs]class AxSearch(Searcher): """Uses `Ax <https://ax.dev/>`_ to optimize hyperparameters. Ax is a platform for understanding, managing, deploying, and automating adaptive experiments. Ax provides an easy to use interface with BoTorch, a flexible, modern library for Bayesian optimization in PyTorch. More information can be found in https://ax.dev/. To use this search algorithm, you must install Ax and sqlalchemy: .. code-block:: bash $ pip install ax-platform sqlalchemy Parameters: space: Parameters in the experiment search space. Required elements in the dictionaries are: "name" (name of this parameter, string), "type" (type of the parameter: "range", "fixed", or "choice", string), "bounds" for range parameters (list of two values, lower bound first), "values" for choice parameters (list of values), and "value" for fixed parameters (single value). metric: Name of the metric used as objective in this experiment. This metric must be present in `raw_data` argument to `log_data`. This metric must also be present in the dict reported/returned by the Trainable. If None but a mode was passed, the `ray.tune.result.DEFAULT_METRIC` will be used per default. mode: One of {min, max}. Determines whether objective is minimizing or maximizing the metric attribute. Defaults to "max". points_to_evaluate: Initial parameter suggestions to be run first. This is for when you already have some good parameters you want to run first to help the algorithm make better suggestions for future parameters. Needs to be a list of dicts containing the configurations. parameter_constraints: Parameter constraints, such as "x3 >= x4" or "x3 + x4 >= 2". outcome_constraints: Outcome constraints of form "metric_name >= bound", like "m1 <= 3." ax_client: Optional AxClient instance. If this is set, do not pass any values to these parameters: `space`, `metric`, `parameter_constraints`, `outcome_constraints`. **ax_kwargs: Passed to AxClient instance. Ignored if `AxClient` is not None. Tune automatically converts search spaces to Ax's format: .. code-block:: python from ray import train, tune from ray.tune.search.ax import AxSearch config = { "x1": tune.uniform(0.0, 1.0), "x2": tune.uniform(0.0, 1.0) } def easy_objective(config): for i in range(100): intermediate_result = config["x1"] + config["x2"] * i train.report({"score": intermediate_result}) ax_search = AxSearch() tuner = tune.Tuner( easy_objective, tune_config=tune.TuneConfig( search_alg=ax_search, metric="score", mode="max", ), param_space=config, ) tuner.fit() If you would like to pass the search space manually, the code would look like this: .. code-block:: python from ray import train, tune from ray.tune.search.ax import AxSearch parameters = [ {"name": "x1", "type": "range", "bounds": [0.0, 1.0]}, {"name": "x2", "type": "range", "bounds": [0.0, 1.0]}, ] def easy_objective(config): for i in range(100): intermediate_result = config["x1"] + config["x2"] * i train.report({"score": intermediate_result}) ax_search = AxSearch(space=parameters, metric="score", mode="max") tuner = tune.Tuner( easy_objective, tune_config=tune.TuneConfig( search_alg=ax_search, ), ) tuner.fit() """ def __init__( self, space: Optional[Union[Dict, List[Dict]]] = None, metric: Optional[str] = None, mode: Optional[str] = None, points_to_evaluate: Optional[List[Dict]] = None, parameter_constraints: Optional[List] = None, outcome_constraints: Optional[List] = None, ax_client: Optional[AxClient] = None, **ax_kwargs, ): assert ( ax is not None ), """Ax must be installed! You can install AxSearch with the command: `pip install ax-platform sqlalchemy`.""" if mode: assert mode in ["min", "max"], "`mode` must be 'min' or 'max'." super(AxSearch, self).__init__( metric=metric, mode=mode, ) self._ax = ax_client self._ax_kwargs = ax_kwargs or {} if isinstance(space, dict) and space: resolved_vars, domain_vars, grid_vars = parse_spec_vars(space) if domain_vars or grid_vars: logger.warning( UNRESOLVED_SEARCH_SPACE.format(par="space", cls=type(self)) ) space = self.convert_search_space(space) self._space = space self._parameter_constraints = parameter_constraints self._outcome_constraints = outcome_constraints self._points_to_evaluate = copy.deepcopy(points_to_evaluate) self._parameters = [] self._live_trial_mapping = {} if self._ax or self._space: self._setup_experiment() def _setup_experiment(self): if self._metric is None and self._mode: # If only a mode was passed, use anonymous metric self._metric = DEFAULT_METRIC if not self._ax: self._ax = AxClient(**self._ax_kwargs) try: exp = self._ax.experiment has_experiment = True except ValueError: has_experiment = False if not has_experiment: if not self._space: raise ValueError( "You have to create an Ax experiment by calling " "`AxClient.create_experiment()`, or you should pass an " "Ax search space as the `space` parameter to `AxSearch`, " "or pass a `param_space` dict to `tune.Tuner()`." ) if self._mode not in ["min", "max"]: raise ValueError( "Please specify the `mode` argument when initializing " "the `AxSearch` object or pass it to `tune.TuneConfig()`." ) self._ax.create_experiment( parameters=self._space, objective_name=self._metric, parameter_constraints=self._parameter_constraints, outcome_constraints=self._outcome_constraints, minimize=self._mode != "max", ) else: if any( [ self._space, self._parameter_constraints, self._outcome_constraints, self._mode, self._metric, ] ): raise ValueError( "If you create the Ax experiment yourself, do not pass " "values for these parameters to `AxSearch`: {}.".format( [ "space", "parameter_constraints", "outcome_constraints", "mode", "metric", ] ) ) exp = self._ax.experiment # Update mode and metric from experiment if it has been passed self._mode = "min" if exp.optimization_config.objective.minimize else "max" self._metric = exp.optimization_config.objective.metric.name self._parameters = list(exp.parameters) if self._ax._enforce_sequential_optimization: logger.warning( "Detected sequential enforcement. Be sure to use " "a ConcurrencyLimiter." ) def set_search_properties( self, metric: Optional[str], mode: Optional[str], config: Dict, **spec ): if self._ax: return False space = self.convert_search_space(config) self._space = space if metric: self._metric = metric if mode: self._mode = mode self._setup_experiment() return True def suggest(self, trial_id: str) -> Optional[Dict]: if not self._ax: raise RuntimeError( UNDEFINED_SEARCH_SPACE.format( cls=self.__class__.__name__, space="space" ) ) if not self._metric or not self._mode: raise RuntimeError( UNDEFINED_METRIC_MODE.format( cls=self.__class__.__name__, metric=self._metric, mode=self._mode ) ) if self._points_to_evaluate: config = self._points_to_evaluate.pop(0) parameters, trial_index = self._ax.attach_trial(config) else: try: parameters, trial_index = self._ax.get_next_trial() except (MaxParallelismReachedException, DataRequiredError): return None self._live_trial_mapping[trial_id] = trial_index try: suggested_config = unflatten_list_dict(parameters) except AssertionError: # Fails to unflatten if keys are out of order, which only happens # if search space includes a list with both constants and # tunable hyperparameters: # Ex: "a": [1, tune.uniform(2, 3), 4] suggested_config = unflatten_list_dict( {k: parameters[k] for k in sorted(parameters.keys())} ) return suggested_config
[docs] def on_trial_complete(self, trial_id, result=None, error=False): """Notification for the completion of trial. Data of form key value dictionary of metric names and values. """ if result: self._process_result(trial_id, result) self._live_trial_mapping.pop(trial_id)
def _process_result(self, trial_id, result): ax_trial_index = self._live_trial_mapping[trial_id] metrics_to_include = [self._metric] + [ oc.metric.name for oc in self._ax.experiment.optimization_config.outcome_constraints ] metric_dict = {} for key in metrics_to_include: val = result[key] if np.isnan(val) or np.isinf(val): # Don't report trials with NaN metrics to Ax self._ax.abandon_trial( trial_index=ax_trial_index, reason=f"nan/inf metrics reported by {trial_id}", ) return metric_dict[key] = (val, None) self._ax.complete_trial(trial_index=ax_trial_index, raw_data=metric_dict) @staticmethod def convert_search_space(spec: Dict): resolved_vars, domain_vars, grid_vars = parse_spec_vars(spec) if grid_vars: raise ValueError( "Grid search parameters cannot be automatically converted " "to an Ax search space." ) # Flatten and resolve again after checking for grid search. spec = flatten_dict(spec, prevent_delimiter=True) resolved_vars, domain_vars, grid_vars = parse_spec_vars(spec) def resolve_value(par, domain): sampler = domain.get_sampler() if isinstance(sampler, Quantized): logger.warning( "AxSearch does not support quantization. Dropped quantization." ) sampler = sampler.sampler if isinstance(domain, Float): if isinstance(sampler, LogUniform): return { "name": par, "type": "range", "bounds": [domain.lower, domain.upper], "value_type": "float", "log_scale": True, } elif isinstance(sampler, Uniform): return { "name": par, "type": "range", "bounds": [domain.lower, domain.upper], "value_type": "float", "log_scale": False, } elif isinstance(domain, Integer): if isinstance(sampler, LogUniform): return { "name": par, "type": "range", "bounds": [domain.lower, domain.upper - 1], "value_type": "int", "log_scale": True, } elif isinstance(sampler, Uniform): return { "name": par, "type": "range", "bounds": [domain.lower, domain.upper - 1], "value_type": "int", "log_scale": False, } elif isinstance(domain, Categorical): if isinstance(sampler, Uniform): return {"name": par, "type": "choice", "values": domain.categories} raise ValueError( "AxSearch does not support parameters of type " "`{}` with samplers of type `{}`".format( type(domain).__name__, type(domain.sampler).__name__ ) ) # Parameter name is e.g. "a/b/c" for nested dicts, # "a/d/0", "a/d/1" for nested lists (using the index in the list) fixed_values = [ {"name": "/".join(str(p) for p in path), "type": "fixed", "value": val} for path, val in resolved_vars ] resolved_values = [ resolve_value("/".join(str(p) for p in path), domain) for path, domain in domain_vars ] return fixed_values + resolved_values def save(self, checkpoint_path: str): save_object = self.__dict__ with open(checkpoint_path, "wb") as outputFile: cloudpickle.dump(save_object, outputFile) def restore(self, checkpoint_path: str): with open(checkpoint_path, "rb") as inputFile: save_object = cloudpickle.load(inputFile) self.__dict__.update(save_object)