General Debugging#

Distributed applications are more powerful yet complicated than non-distributed ones. Some of Ray’s behavior might catch users off guard while there may be sound arguments for these design choices.

This page lists some common issues users may run into. In particular, users think of Ray as running on their local machine, and while this is sometimes true, this leads to a lot of issues.

Environment variables are not passed from the Driver process to Worker processes#

Issue: If you set an environment variable at the command line (where you run your Driver), it is not passed to all the Workers running in the Cluster if the Cluster was started previously.

Example: If you have a file baz.py in the directory you are running Ray in, and you run the following command:

import ray
import os

ray.init()


@ray.remote
def myfunc():
    myenv = os.environ.get("FOO")
    print(f"myenv is {myenv}")
    return 1


ray.get(myfunc.remote())
# this prints: "myenv is None"

Expected behavior: Most people would expect (as if it was a single process on a single machine) that the environment variables would be the same in all Workers. It won’t be.

Fix: Use Runtime Environments to pass environment variables explicity. If you call ray.init(runtime_env=...), then the Workers will have the environment variable set.

ray.init(runtime_env={"env_vars": {"FOO": "bar"}})


@ray.remote
def myfunc():
    myenv = os.environ.get("FOO")
    print(f"myenv is {myenv}")
    return 1


ray.get(myfunc.remote())
# this prints: "myenv is bar"

Filenames work sometimes and not at other times#

Issue: If you reference a file by name in a Task or Actor, it will sometimes work and sometimes fail. This is because if the Task or Actor runs on the Head Node of the Cluster, it will work, but if the Task or A8ctor runs on another machine it won’t.

Example: Let’s say we do the following command:

% touch /tmp/foo.txt

And I have this code:

import os
import ray

@ray.remote
def check_file():
  foo_exists = os.path.exists("/tmp/foo.txt")
  return foo_exists

futures = []
for _ in range(1000):
  futures.append(check_file.remote())

print(ray.get(futures))

then you will get a mix of True and False. If check_file() runs on the Head Node, or we’re running locally it works. But if it runs on a Worker Node, it returns False.

Expected behavior: Most people would expect this to either fail or succeed consistently. It’s the same code after all.

Fix

  • Use only shared paths for such applications – e.g. if you are using a network file system you can use that, or the files can be on S3.

  • Do not rely on file path consistency.

Placement Groups are not composable#

Issue: If you have a task that is called from something that runs in a Placement Group, the resources are never allocated and it hangs.

Example: You are using Ray Tune which creates Placement Groups, and you want to apply it to an objective function, but that objective function makes use of Ray Tasks itself, e.g.

import ray
from ray import tune

def create_task_that_uses_resources():
  @ray.remote(num_cpus=10)
  def sample_task():
    print("Hello")
    return

  return ray.get([sample_task.remote() for i in range(10)])

def objective(config):
  create_task_that_uses_resources()

tuner = tune.Tuner(objective, param_space={"a": 1})
tuner.fit()

This will error with message:

  ValueError: Cannot schedule create_task_that_uses_resources.<locals>.sample_task with the placement group
  because the resource request {'CPU': 10} cannot fit into any bundles for the placement group, [{'CPU': 1.0}].

Expected behavior: The above executes.

Fix: In the @ray.remote declaration of Tasks called by create_task_that_uses_resources() , include a scheduling_strategy=PlacementGroupSchedulingStrategy(placement_group=None).

def create_task_that_uses_resources():
+     @ray.remote(num_cpus=10, scheduling_strategy=PlacementGroupSchedulingStrategy(placement_group=None))
-     @ray.remote(num_cpus=10)

Outdated Function Definitions#

Due to subtleties of Python, if you redefine a remote function, you may not always get the expected behavior. In this case, it may be that Ray is not running the newest version of the function.

Suppose you define a remote function f and then redefine it. Ray should use the newest version.

import ray

@ray.remote
def f():
    return 1

@ray.remote
def f():
    return 2

print(ray.get(f.remote()))  # This should be 2.

2

However, the following are cases where modifying the remote function will not update Ray to the new version (at least without stopping and restarting Ray).

  • The function is imported from an external file: In this case, f is defined in some external file file.py. If you import file, change the definition of f in file.py, then re-import file, the function f will not be updated.

    This is because the second import gets ignored as a no-op, so f is still defined by the first import.

    A solution to this problem is to use reload(file) instead of a second import file. Reloading causes the new definition of f to be re-executed, and exports it to the other machines. Note that in Python 3, you need to do from importlib import reload.

  • The function relies on a helper function from an external file: In this case, f can be defined within your Ray application, but relies on a helper function h defined in some external file file.py. If the definition of h gets changed in file.py, redefining f will not update Ray to use the new version of h.

    This is because when f first gets defined, its definition is shipped to all of the Worker processes, and is unpickled. During unpickling, file.py gets imported in the Workers. Then when f gets redefined, its definition is again shipped and unpickled in all of the Workers. But since file.py has been imported in the Workers already, it is treated as a second import and is ignored as a no-op.

    Unfortunately, reloading on the Driver does not update h, as the reload needs to happen on the worker.

    A solution to this problem is to redefine f to reload file.py before it calls h. For example, if inside file.py you have

    def h():
    return 1

    And you define remote function f as

    @ray.remote
def f():
    return file.h()

    You can redefine f as follows.

    @ray.remote
def f():
    reload(file)
    return file.h()

    This forces the reload to happen on the Workers as needed. Note that in Python 3, you need to do from importlib import reload.

This document discusses some common problems that people run into when using Ray as well as some known problems. If you encounter other problems, let us know.